ekpe society cameroon

Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. AHR ~ 125 It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. . According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. With the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, a number of foreign clothes were introduced into Efik society. [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. Simple theme. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. . Ekpe society was the first tribe to come up with this design and archaeologists have found traces of this fabric even in southwestern Cameroon. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. And it's a symbol in both. [40] Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. [36] [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. At Old Calabar, traders had slowly started transitioning completely into the lucrative palm oil trade. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? Write the meaning in the blank. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Names such as Okon became Hogan, Orok became Duke, Akabom became Cobham, Ene became Henry, Asibong became Archibong. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . The Ekpe society requires that its initiates sponsor feasts for the town, which foster the appearance of the redistribution of wealth by providing the poor with food and drink. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). Posted on March 01, 2015 Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. by Web Services Editor. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. Several types of English dresses were introduced to Efik women such as the Victorian dresses known in Efik as nyny. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Society features the ukara cloth, a composite signifier of authority, prestige, sacrality, difference, and social mobility in the Ekpe secret society in the Cross river basin encompassing southeastern Nigeria and parts of Cameroon. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil.

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