where are the ashes of the alamo defenders

6465; Todish (1998), p. 89; Edmondson (2000), p. 369; Lindley (2003), p. 44. In his diary, Mexican Lt. Col. Jos Enrique de la Pea wrote that within a few hours a funeral pyre rendered into ashes those men who had met their ends in combat.. Almonte did not record names, and his count was based solely on who was there during the final assault. "We are honored to partner with the San Antonio Living History Association to present this meaningful ceremony, and to invite the community to join us in paying tribute to the Alamo Defenders." The Dawn at the Alamo event will take place from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. on Monday, March 6, 2023, in Alamo Plaza. One defender, Gregorio Esparza, was buried in the Campo Santo (cemetery) in the area of Milam Park. Mexican forces under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued to sweep across . On March 6, 1836, Mexican forces stormed the Alamo, a fortress-like old mission in San Antonio where some 200 rebellious Texans had been holed up for weeks. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 80. 7273; Moore (2004), p. 60. The Mexicans originally controlled the Alamo from the Spaniards and Mexican President General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna led a massive army of 6000 men to storm the gates of the Alamo and reclaim the territory after the people of Texas declared themselves independent from Mexico. In 1911, Barnes wrote an article for the Express-News that was more specific. William Barret Travis accomplished much before his death at the Alamo in 1836. He left an equally important written account of what he observed at the Alamo in a 1906 manuscript titled A Narrative of Military Experience in Several Capacities., The church seemed to have been the last stronghold, Everett wrote, and amidst the debris of its stone roof, when subsequently cleared away, were found parts of skeletons, copper balls and other articles, mementos of the siege. The artist noted the reverence with which he and fellow soldiers regarded the Alamo. Youre a Mexican, and always will be. 6061, 66; Todish (1998), p. 89; Lindley (2003), p. 133. Poyo (1996), pp. Bernard, a Texian captive whod been spared execution at Goliad, documented the Mexican armys departure from San Antonio. Ashes of the Alamo Dead Address: 115 Main Plaza, San Antonio, TX Directions: In the left vestibule of the San Fernando Cathedral, just inside the front door. The corpses of the slaughtered garrison were dragged outside, and Santa Anna's soldiers then doused them with oil and burned them in three big bonfires. In the collective memory of the Alamos last stand saga there is perhaps no image more poignant or powerful than that of the Texian dead being consumed on March 6, 1836, by massive funeral pyres. Born to a prominent San Antonio family, Juan Seguin led a life of service to his community. The group has even started a DNA database of its members. There is no evidence Davy Crockett went down fighting, as John Wayne famously did in his 1960 movie The Alamo, a font of misinformation; there is ample testimony from Mexican soldiers that Crockett surrendered and was executed. 94, 112; Moore (2004), p. 60. Reuben M. Potter, who was in San Antonio shortly before the Civil War, later wrote in 1878 that the rude landmarks which once designated the place had long since disappeared. The lifeless bodies of David Crockett, James Bowie, William Barret Travis and the other Alamo defenders were stacked between layers of wood before being set ablaze. His brother,. A chain-enclosed 10-foot-square area at Odd Fellows Cemetery on the near East Side is where August Biesenbach, San Antonio city clerk in the early 1900s, recalled Alamo defenders being buried decades earlier, midway between the monuments of two Texas Rangers Capt. E ver since remains were discovered in 1936 by workmen who were making repairs to the alter at the San Fernando Cathedral, there have been skeptics as to their origin. Green (1988), pp. The Alamo is the property of the State of Texas, and Within the cemetery, the memorial is near Central, Summit, and Elm Avenues and is Rhode Island's only memorial to the Alamo. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). U.S. Army Capt. No such mass grave has ever been found. As an American, how would you feel? Groneman (1990), p. 53; Moore (2007), p. 100. Who were they? Travis ignored multiple warnings of Santa Annas approach and was simply trapped in the Alamo when the Mexican army arrived. . 374, 377. As for the Alamo defenders, history shows that Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna ordered the bodies of dead Texians to be burned. All rights reserved. 90, 93. The siege of the Alamo lasted for 13 days, from Feb. 23 to March 6, 1836, when the Mexican army surrounded and attacked the Alamo. He is a native Texan and longtime San Antonian. More recent discoveries of human remains at the Alamo extend hope for a more complete accounting of those buried there, perhaps even revealing defenders whose corpses were spared the flames. The story of the Alamo is a "heroic Anglo narrative." In the last 40 years, it has been disputed in many books, and it isn't as pretty as many Anglo writers depict. 3637. It has yet to undergo DNA testing. By most accounts, most or all of the corpses are believed to have been burned along the Alameda, a dirt road running along rows of cottonwood trees, where Commerce Street is now a major thoroughfare downtown. All Rights Reserved. Please reload the page and try again. Samuel H. Walker. Moore (2004), pp. The Alamo Mission in San Antonia, often referred to simply as The Alamo, is a former Spanish mission built in San Antonio, Texas. Joined relief force from Gonzales, arrived March 1, 1836. [19], When the Alamo Cenotaph was created by Pompeo Coppini in 1939, the 187 defender names on the monument came from the research of Amelia Williams,[20] considered the leading Alamo authority of her day. By Ned Huthmacher / For the Express-News Show More Show Less 23 of 42 Some Alamo historians believe Juan Segun, a leader in the Texas revolution, took the defenders' ashes from two of three . The Battle of the Alamo during Texas' war for independence from Mexico lasted thirteen days, from February 23, 1836-March 6, 1836. When the building was demolished in 1968 for the extension of the paseo del rio, Bill Sinkin and his wife, the building owners then, removed one of the plaques and stored it for safekeeping. This Monday, March 6, marks the anniversary of the fall of the Alamo outside of San Antonio, Texas, back in 1836. Arnold guided Colonel Ben Milam's troops. Poyo (1996), p. 54, "Efficient in the Cause" (Stephen L. Harden). Todish (1998), p. 82; Lindley (2003), p. 144; Moore (2007), p. 100. The other pyre was in what is now the yard of Dr. Ferdinand Herff Sr.s old Post, or Springfield House. As new research comes to light, this list and the history of each Defender might change. I magine if the U.S. were to open interior Alaska for colonization and, for . Juan Seguin held a funeral for the Alamo defenders on Feb. 25, 1837, and is believed to have buried some of their charred remains somewhere near the battle site. No portion of this document may be reproduced, copied or revised without written permission of the authors. Lord (1961), p. 217; Todish (1998), p. 83. Short Description: The Alamo was the site of a battle that took place during Texas's bid for independence from Mexico: All defenders were killed, but within six weeks the opposition leader, Santa Anna, was captured. Another source of curiosity: reports that charred remains of some defenders may have been interred at San Fernando Cathedral or one of the citys historic East Side cemeteries. The odor was more sickening than that from the corpses in the river. Yet the suggestion fatigued Mexican soldiers may have rolled some defenders bodies into ditches and hastily covered them with dirt is not absurd. Although Albert Martin's body was likely burned and his ashes scattered in Texas by the Mexican troops, the cenotaph memorializes his death at the Martin family plot in Providence. Trip Planning Caution: RoadsideAmerica.com offers maps, directions and attraction details as a convenience, providing all information as is. The 115names were supplied by couriers John Smith and Gerald Navan,[17] whom historian Thomas Ricks Lindley believed likely drew from their own memories, as well as from interviews with those who might have left or tried to enter. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 34. They chose never to surrender nor retreat; these brave hearts, with flag still proudly waving, perished in the flames of immortality that their high sacrifice might lead to the founding of this Texas.[5]. Deep down in the debris, author William Corner wrote, were found two or three skeletons that had evidently been hastily covered with rubbish after the fall, for with them were found fur caps and buckskin trappings, undoubted relics of the ever memorable last stand. Colonel Juan Nepomuceno Seguin'sAlamo Defenders' Burial OrationColumbia (Later Houston)Telegraph and Texas Register April 4, 1837. This is too sad for comment.. In 1982, Ozzy Osbourne, while wearing his future wife's dress because she had hidden his clothes, drunkenly urinated on the Alamo Cenotaph. But the 1999 UTSA report said research indicates the only place that can safely be eliminated from contention is beneath the Cenotaph, even though it is the place most tourists assume is the site of their burial. The Post or Springfield House, on the south side of Commerce Street, was replaced by the Halff Building, which was later demolished in 1967 for a HemisFair river extension. In 1835, colonists from the United States joined with Tejanos (Mexicans born . The ceremony has been long forgotten and the land covered over by buildings, severing our historical connection with these sacred sites. "Companions in Arms!! Amid the ruins local guides would point out the spot where Crockett supposedly fell or the room where Mexican soldiers slew Bowie in his sickbed. Although Mexican troops launched three separate attacks against the square, they could not take the Texian position. Before dawn on March 6, he launched his troops against the walls of the Alamo in three separate attacks. Defenders of the Alamo are defined as those who fought and died during the final battle on March 6, 1836. S.A.-area rancher catches the hearts of American Idol judges, 10 things to do this weekend in San Antonio, Boy, 11, shoots self in head with gun he found in apartment, Take a look inside this $3.5 million 'mystery' mansion, VIDEO: Hail goes through Alamodome roof, thousands without power, Reign of terror: Neighbors recall owners of killer pit bulls, New food truck park opens at The CO-OP SA, Viral TikTok video shows loose part on S.A. rodeo Ferris wheel. In the aftermath of the Texas Revolution travelers to San Antonio were drawn to the site of the celebrated Battle of the Alamo. This day February 24, in 1836 the Alamo defenders called for help On February 24, 1836, in San Antonio, Texas, Colonel William Travis issues a call for help on behalf of the Texan troops . The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side.[2]. Amos was located in the Rhodian Peraia in Caria on the Mediterranean coast. Hermann Lungkwitzs workAlameda,painted between 1874 and 1890, shows trees that are damaged, possibly from the flames of the funeral pyres. The coffin was dug up by accident in 1936, and on May 11, 1938, the remains were placed on public view, inside a fancy sarcophagus, where they can still be seen today. Dr. James Barnard, a Texan transported from Goliad to treat the Mexican wounded, recalled seeing remnants of a pyre about a hundred rods, or 550 yards, from the Alamo church. He was both a soldier and politician, becoming Mayor of San Antonio in 1841. 8586. On March 6, 1918, a woman named Adina De Zavala unveiled two marble tablets marking the location of the funeral pyres for the men who died at the Alamo. He led the only Tejano unit present at the Battle of San Jacinto where Santa Anna was defeated, and independence was eventually attained. Lindley (2003), p. 90; Groneman (1990), pp. A police officer arrested him, and Osbourne was subsequently banned from performing in San Antonio for a decade. More by Sarah Reveley. Regardless, there will always be the terrible glory of sacrifice to remember in those flames. 503504; Groneman (1990), p. 101. 101102; Todish (1998), p. 90. Mexican Colonel Juan Almonte, Santa Anna's aide-de-camp, recorded the Texian fatality toll as 250 in his March 6 journal entry. Many of those were killed by the Mexican army. The defenders retreated to the now famous Long Barracks and the Chapel and fought to the last man. Groneman (1990), pp. 2829, 3943, 46, 51; Moore (2007), p. 100; Lindley (2003), p. 98. In a short time it will be torn down, a modern business building will take its place; it will have passed away and be forgotten.. The Disposition of the Alamo Defenders' Ashes. Whoops! The "remains" at the San Fernando Cathedral were placed in . The doctor said the soldiers first fired the chapel interior, dominated by a large, wooden artillery platform extending from the great front doors to the top of the rear wall. operated by Alamo Trust, Inc., a Texas non-profit The shaft rises sixty feet from its base which is forty feet long and twelve feet wide. The current list is based on many primary and secondary sources. Try My Sights, Roadside America app for iPhone, iPad. On-route maps, 1,000s of photos, special research targets! The total number of Alamo defenders now stood at between 180 and 190. The most notable group from Gonzales in the final days was the Gonzales Mounted Ranger Company, nicknamed the Immortal 32 in later decades, although the exact head count of that company varies by source. There are many people who were at the Alamo prior to that day who are not part of the Defenders list, including couriers sent out during the siege to inform the rest of Texas and the world of what was happening at the Alamo. Attraction status, hours and prices change without notice; call ahead! [8] Travis repeatedly dispatched couriers with pleas for reinforcements. Santa Anna's Mexican army killed virtually all of the roughly 200 Texans (or Texians) defending the Alamo, including their leaders, Colonels William B. Travis and James Bowie, and the legendary. Their ashes were not interred until almost a year later. They began stacking bodies, dry branches and wood about 3 p.m., and ignited the pyre about two hours later. An 1837 account of the funeral led by Seguin in the Telegraph and Texas Register said that ashes of the Alamo fallen were deposited at an unspecified place of interment after three volleys of musketry were fired to honor them at two pyre sites. With Dennis Quaid, Billy Bob Thornton, Jason Patric, Patrick Wilson. Which begs the question, What happened to the skeletal remains Everett mentioned? "The enemy in large force is in sight. beauty and history of the Alamo by supporting us with your donations. In March 1979 archaeologists James Ivey and Anne Fox led a dig where the compounds north wall once stood. [16], Research into the battle, and exactly who was inside the fortress, began when the Alamo fell and has continued with no signs of abatement. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. We respected it as a historical relicand as such its characteristics were not marred by us.. The Alamo Cenotaph, also known as The Spirit of Sacrifice, is a monument in San Antonio, Texas, United States, commemorating the Battle of the Alamo of the Texas Revolution, which was fought at the adjacent Alamo Mission.The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. On December 5, 1835, the Texians attacked San Antonio in what became known as the Battle of Bxar. Groneman (1990), p. 32; Moore (2007), p. 100. We killed Davy Crockett., Its a lesson many Latinos in the state dont learn until mandatory Texas history classes taught in seventh grade. This was meant to indicate that the defenders were fighting for their rights to democratic government under the Mexican constitution of that year. Census data indicates that Latinos are poised to become a majority of the Texas population any year now, and for them, the Alamo has long been viewed as a symbol of Anglo oppression. Esparza's brother Francisco was a soldier in the Mexican army and received permission from Santa Anna for a Christian burial. The assistant quartermasters staff included young Sergeant Edward Everett, to whom Ralston had extended a clerkship while Everett recovered from a pistol wound. [10] At 5:30a.m. on March 6, the Mexican army began the final siege. The Alamo installed thesestunning bronze sculptures of historical figures from the Texas Revolution in our Cavalry Courtyard. Based on the 1836 standoff between a group of Texan and Tejano men, led by Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, and Mexican dictator Santa Anna's forces at the Alamo in San Antonio Texas. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. [14] Identifying the combatants [ edit] Some were recent immigrants from the United States, or even from Europe, and had joined the cause to defend Texas liberty. No. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 24. The Irish National Flag stands in a place of honor inside The Alamo in recognition of the largest ethnic group to defend that icon of independence. Since the Sanborn map of 1895 shows both the Ludlow House and the Springfield House, it was an excellent map to use as the base map for the location of the pyres. After the battle, and Almeron's death,they were freed to spread the word of what had happened at the Alamo. [6], Media related to Alamo Cenotaph at Wikimedia Commons, National Register of Historic Places portal, National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamo_Cenotaph&oldid=1089067839, This page was last edited on 21 May 2022, at 18:53. At 4 o'clock on the morning of March 6, 1836, Santa Anna advanced his men to within 200 yards of the Alamo's walls. Two markers nonetheless remain today on a stone wall by a pedestrian bridge on the south side of Commerce, across from the Shops at Rivercenter mall parking garage, denoting the area where pyres are believed to have burned. Five others had resided in the State before making their way to the Texas frontier. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 111. A follow-up email from the archaeologist, dated Jan. 23, 2020, revealed her team had unearthed a concentration of human bones during a separate exploratory dig inside the chapel. He taught school, edited a newspaper, and passed the barall before turning 21 years-old. He has been a reporter at the Express-News since 1985, covering a variety of issues, including public safety, criminal justice, flooding, transportation, military, water and the environment. The Alamo and its defenders, according to historian Stephen L. Hardin, "transcended mere history; both entered the realm of myth." Indeed, the siege and battle of the Alamo serves today as a definition of American character. [7], A fierce defense was launched from within the walls, even as Bowie and Travis made unsuccessful attempts to negotiate with the Mexican army. Groneman (1990), p. 76; Green (1988), p. 500; Lindley (2003), p. 91; Moore (2007), p. 100. Lining up St. Josephs Church on that map with an aerial from Google Earth indicates the River Center parking garage at 849 E. Commerce St. and the Marriott Rivercenter hotel parking garage are on the sites. Partial scan of the March 24, 1836 Telegraph and Texas Register with the first Texian list of defenders killed at the Battle of the Alamo. 7475; Groneman (1990), pp. Susannah Dickinson and her daughter, Angelina Dickinson, moved to Bxar with her husband, Almeron, in February 1836. The wind had dispersed the remaining ashes. The discovery of various skeletons, skulls and bone fragments over the intervening 185 years indicate the disposal of the Texian dead wasnt as neat and tidy as history books generally portray. Groneman (1990), pp. Inside the lid, he had the names of Travis, Bowie and . Todish (1998), p. 81; Hopewell (1994), p. 125; Nofi (1992), p. 131. 2023 Nonprofit journalism for an informed community. And the battle of the Alamo was not fought to the last man, as many of the defenders of the Alamo escaped. San Antonio remained a Mexican town. After losing his re-election bid in 1835, Crockett vowed to go to Texas where he expected to revive his political career. R.S. The Mexicans, however, couldn't hold their ground. When law enforcement goes after the killers, the colonists, backed by Canadian financing and mercenaries, take up arms in open revolt. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 81. Left as courier with Seguin on February 25, Entered March 1 or 4 Gonzales Mounted Ranger Company, Slave of Desauque, served as a combatant (Slaves identified by last names of their masters), On a scouting run when the Mexican troops arrived on February 23. Invariably, visitors asked about the final resting place of the Alamo dead, and locals would motion toward a peach orchard a few hundred yards from the mission fort. Nonprofit journalism for an informed community. William Travis never drew any line in the sand; this was a tale concocted by an amateur historian in the late 1800s. RoadsideAmerica.comYour Online Guide to Offbeat Tourist Attractions. 18, 135, 182; Lindley (2003), pp. It was believed they were buried in the vicinity of the Alamo, but their exact location was forgotten over time. 2021; Moore (2004), p. 457. In the fall of 1837, he collected and interred the remains of the Alamo defenders. Mexican dictator Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna had ordered the enemy dead burned and left unburied. Historians Jack Jackson and John Wheat attributed that high figure to Santa Anna's playing to his political base. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 8; Todish (1998), p. 76. Wright in her article Where Lie the Bodies of the Alamo Heroes, published in the San Antonio Express onJuly 10, 1932. No archaeological research was done, since the work predated the states Antiquities Act. The Alamo story takes good, solid, loyal little American kids and it converts them into Mexicans.. Texian leader Sam Houston, believing that San Antonio could not be defended against a determined effort by the regular Mexican army, called for the Texian forces to abandon the city. Six Alamo defenders are listed officially as being from New York. Todish (1998), p. 85; Moore (2007), p. 100.; Davis (2004), p. 143; Todish et al. Carrington (1993), pp. Groneman (1990), p. 11; Todish (1998), p. 76. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. The event is free and open to the public. Meaning the Alamos defenders, far from being the valiant defenders who delayed Santa Anna, pretty much died for nothing. You probably know the story of the Alamo and its brave-but-doomed defenders, including pioneer superstars Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie. At least four sources, including William Bollaert, an Englishman who wrote about his travels in the 1840s, reported the defenders grave being in a peach orchard not far from the Alamo. Lindley (2003), pp. (There had been one previous monument in Austin, but it was lost in a Capitol fire.) The Ashes of the Alamo Defenders San Fernando Cathedral, 115 Main Plaza, sfcathedral.org After the Battle of the Alamo, the remains of the dead Texians were burned in three funeral pyres on the . Lindley (2003), p. 144; Todish (1998), p. 81. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 110. Mexican accounts make clear that, as the battle was being lost, as many as half the Texian defenders fled the mission and were run down and killed by Mexican lancers. Nearly 350 rebels were executed in the Goliad Massacre, almost twice as many as were killed at the siege of the Alamo. There, nearly a year after the battle, local authorities had the ashes of the Texian defenders scooped into a lone coffin and interred with military honors. Now It's Time to Correct the Record. List of Alamo defenders. Sarah Reveley is a sixth generation German-Texan and native San Antonian with a love for Texas history. That any of the remains may be those of an Alamo defender is hardly far-fetched. The very first Mayor of San Antonio under the Republic of Texas, John William Smith, played an important role in early Texas history. In the end, the siege at the Alamo ended up costing him all of four days. 8182. Among those buried in the mission compound before or during the 13-day siege may be men who succumbed to wounds suffered during the December 1835 Siege of Bxar. Alamo researcher Sarah Reveley, a member of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas who has studied information on the pyres and historic maps, believes the two most credible pyre sites are both in downtown parking garages the Ludlow site on the western end of the Shops at Rivercenter garage, and the Springfield site in the area the citys Convention Center garage at 850 E. Commerce St. As for possible burial sites of defenders remains, the location of the oft-cited peach orchard has not been identified. Todish (1998), p. 82; Moore (2007), p. 100. Subscribe to our free daily newsletter for the latest headlines first thing every morning. It was Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna, not Jose Lopez de Santa Anna. Defenders of the Alamo are defined as those who fought and died during the final battle on March 6, 1836. On March 6, 1918, a woman named Adina De Zavala unveiled two marble tablets marking the location of the funeral pyres for the men who died at the Alamo. (Image credit: Dean Fikar via Getty Images) The discovery of three. Illustration of the Battle of the Alamo, San Antonio, Texas, March 6, 1836. Santa Anna, after the Mexicans were taken out, ordered wood to be brought to burn the bodies of the Texans Ruiz wrote. You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. Groneman (1990), p. 9; Moore (2007), p. 100. 45; Jackson, Wheat (2005), p. 367. Whether William Travis ever drew his "line in the dust" doesn't . Smithlater carriedTravis'messages out of the Alamo to the colonies east in 1836and he served in the Texan Army at the Battle of San Jacinto. The pyre occupied a space about ten feet in width by sixty in length, and extended from northwest to southeast from the property owned by Mrs. Ed Steves, on which the Ludlow House is built, to and through the property that the Moody structure is to occupy, and a short distance out into the street. In 1912, Barnes wrote a lengthy article about the Springfield House and its pending demolition. It is some sixty odd years, ago that the Springfield house was built, and sixty years is time enough for many changes to occur. Mystery surrounds remains of Alamo fallen, Man and adult stepdaughter accused of sexual assault on children. Some Tejanos were part of the Bexar military garrison, but others were part of Seguin's volunteer scout company and were in the Alamo on or before Feb 23. A chain-enclosed 10-foot-square area there marks the site where Biesenbach said defenders remains were buried, midway between the monuments of two Texas Rangers Capt. The woodwork all about us was riddled and splintered by lead balls, and what was left of the old altar at the rear of the church was cut and slashed by cannon ball and bullets.. St. Joseph Catholic Church on East Commerce Street has been identified as a site close to an Alamo funeral pyre. In December of 1835, a group of Texan volunteer soldiers had. Wouldnt it be grand if the Reimagine the Alamo team could conductsome more exact measurements, include the pyre sites in their redevelopment plan, and once again erect proper memorials to our heroes? Academic researchers long tiptoed around the issue of slavery in Texas; active research didnt really begin until the 1980s. Start with the Alamo. After the siege in February and March of 1836, all of them died at the hands of their Mexican adversaries -- and then what happened? For further reading he also recommends The Alamo Reader, edited by Todd Hansen, and Alamo Defenders, by Bill Groneman. The story of the pyres and the efforts to commemorate them illustrates how the passage of time and the growth of a city can erase crucial parts of history. Until March 4, Houston's authority did not extend to volunteers and local militias, which were the majority of the fighting force inside the Alamo. operated by. In all probability the military buried them out of respect. The battle, in fact, should never have been fought. These were located on what was then known as the Alameda, or Cottonwood grove roadway. Since then, scholars such as Randolph Campbell and Andrew Torget have demonstrated that slavery was the single issue that regularly drove a wedge between early Mexican governmentsdedicated abolitionists alland their American colonists in Texas, many of whom had immigrated to farm cotton, the provinces only cash crop at the time. One of the children, now 14 years old, told police that her father had been sexually assaulting her since she was 8. A year later the Texans were in control of San Antonio, and the bones and ashes of the Alamo dead -- still in visible piles -- were shoveled into a large coffin and secretly buried under the altar of what is now the San Fernando Cathedral. Some were native San Antonians of Mexican heritage who were defending their home. Dr. E.F. Mitchusson, Dispatched on a personal errand for Segun February 23, Assumed to be a courier, who left with John William Smith, Chief surgeon of the garrison, created a hospital in the fortress, Left February 25 to recruit reinforcements, The final courier sent to Washington-on-the-Brazos, unable to return, Left for Gonzales as a courier on February 23; relayed the Travis letter from Albert Martin to the provisional government at, Sent to Gonzales for reinforcements on February 23, Namesake of Taylor County, brother of Edward and James, entered March 1 or 4, Namesake of Taylor County, Texas, brother of George and Edward, entered March 1 or 4, Per historian Lindley, no first name on the muster rolls, Slave of William B. Travis, fought beside him in the battle; accompanied Susanna Dickinson to Gonzales.

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