margaret hamilton biography

is 5'(1.52m) . Hamilton also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret . [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Heres how it works. In 2019, she was awarded the Intrepid Lifetime Achievement Award. She spent 11 days in hospital and her legs were permanently scarred. When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. She subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease and died in her sleep following a heart attack on May 16, 1985 in Salisbury, Connecticut at the age of 82. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. She helped write the computer code for the command and lunar modules used on the Apollo missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early 70s. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. She knew everything about these vital programs. Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. ], She married Paul Boynton Meserve on June 13, 1931, and made her debut on the New York City stage the following year. She also wrote a program for the Cambridge Air Force Research Laboratory. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. Anthony Oettinger,[53] Barry Boehm,[citation needed] and Hamilton have been credited with naming the discipline of "software engineering". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. "From 'Kiddie Lit' to Children's Literature: The Biography of Francelia Butler." She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. Hamilton has published more than 130 papers, proceedings, and reports, about sixty projects, and six major programs. Hamilton also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab,[14] where she was one of the programmers who wrote software for the prototype AN/FSQ-7 computer (the XD-1), used by the U.S. Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. Early life [ edit] I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. She subsequently directed and supervised the developments of the Skylab space station mission. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and later earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958. She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. On weekends, she took her daughter Lauren to the lab to spend time with her, while she worked writing the computer routines that would go on the Apollo command module computer. In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. Social Media Lead: Biography. Hamilton herself specifically concentrated on software to detect system errors and to recover information in a computer crash. In Wired magazine, she said in 2015 "I enjoyed school, but there was something about maths that I loved more than anything". [19] She later moved to Millbrook, New York. The guidance and control systems would apply to both the lunar module (which would land on the moon) and the command module (which would orbit the moon while the lunar module was on the surface, then house the astronauts on their journey home.) Pufnstuf herself being spoofed by actress Billie Hayes. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. Mutual respect was across the board. Her net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. The Directors verdict reached Neil on the radio: GO, Go ahead, free. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 2022-06-01 07:53, By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office [2] Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. ", Hamilton later left MIT to start her own software company, but her name is still most recognized for her lunar landing accomplishments. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. Margaret Hamilton Career Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner Known For: Director of the "Software Engineering Division" of the "MIT Instrumentation Laboratory", which developed "On-board Flight Software for NASA's Apollo Space Program Debut: Film debut: These Three (1936) Movie poster Net Worth: $12 Million Approx She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. Hat, Coat and Glove. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. As the alarms went off and priority displays replaced normal ones, the actual switchover to new programmes behind the screens was happening "a step slower" than it would today. By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. It does not store any personal data. She is from USA. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. Dishonored Lady. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. Dedication and commitment were a given. In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. Margaret Hamilton. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). At the time, no schools taught software engineering, so the team members had to work out any problems on their own. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. Danko made the fiery entrance to Munchkinland, not Hamilton. It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. The on-board flight software captured these alarms with the "never supposed to happen displays" interrupting the astronauts with priority alarm displays. They married in the late 1950s, after she graduated in mathematics. five.[28]. She later founded two software companiesHigher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. Moore Boeck. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Quote her most famous line, however, and watch their eyes blink awake with recognition: "I'll get you my pretty! City Without Men. Though only in her early '30s, the gloriously unpretty Hamilton subsequently . According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. (Apollo 13 aborted before landing due to an explosion in the command module's service area.). Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. [24] She worked to gain hands-on experience during a time when computer science courses were uncommon and software engineering courses did not exist. [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. There was no second chance. Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Her crisp voice with rapid but clear enunciation was another trademark. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. In 1962, Hamilton played Leora Scofield, a suffragette who arrives in Laramie, Wyoming, to bolster feminist causes in a territory where women had already obtained the right to vote, in the episode "Beyond Justice" of NBC's Laramie. [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" They're really scared for a second. Under her married name of Margaret Meserve, she served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. For Hamilton, although Apollo 11 was monumental, she relished the challenge of doing her job for it. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles. "Hamilton contributed to concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling and priority displays, and human-in-the-loop decision capability, which set the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design and engineering," the citation for her medal read. Updates? She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. "From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission," she said. Zack, Suzanne. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. [48] Others have used HOS to formalize the semantics of linguistic quantifiers,[49] and to formalize the design of reliable real-time embedded systems. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. It was an ongoing joke for a long time. The Opportunity of a Lifetime. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" That has been my favorite book since I was four.' Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. [30][31][32] The program alarms indicated "executive overflows", meaning the guidance computer could not complete all of its tasks in real time and had to postpone some of them. Margaret Hamilton's net worth She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). Hamilton was a regular parishioner of the Presbyterian church. Garland visited Hamilton while the latter recuperated at home looking after her son. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". She grew up during a time when very few women studied computer science, but Hamilton knew she wanted to write code. Margaret Hamilton Storey (July 31, 1900 - October 18, 1960) was an American museum curator, herpetologist and ichthyologist.She worked for the Stanford University Natural History Museum for over 25 years. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. Hamilton made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. Margaret Hamilton was born Margaret Heafield on August 17, 1936 in Paoli, Indiana. Her other mid-1970s stage productions, as the producer, were The Three Sisters and House Party.[where? Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. A kindergarten teacher in her native Cleveland, Margaret Hamilton began her acting career there in community theatre and with the prestigious Cleveland Playhouse. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. There was no second chance. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. When she was 80 years old, on November 22, 2016, Margaret Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by the President of the United States, Barack Obama, for her work at NASA during the Apollo missions. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)". Earlham College, Richmond. Corrections? In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American Computer Scientist, Biography of Elizabeth Barrett, British poet, Biography of Ursula von der Leyen, German politician, Biography of Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse, Biography of Sheila Herrero, Spanish athlete, Biography of Genoveva Torres, Spanish religious. She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. Planetary science is a global profession. Even with her extensive film career, Hamilton took roles in whatever medium she could get if she was free, making her soap opera debut as the nasty Mrs. Sayre on Valiant Lady, who schemed to prevent her daughter from marrying the heroine's son. They were married on June 15, 1958, the summer after she graduated from Earlham. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 1. Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). 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She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life, and summered in a cottage on Cape Island, Southport, Maine. The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. "Kindergarten Lost Margaret Hamilton." Hamilton had thought long and hard about this. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . She appeared in The Phil Silvers Show episode S2E20 Bilko Enters Politics (05 February 1957). It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch.

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