spanish civil war ap euro

The kite soared majestically over the treetops. Sometimes it can end up there. The Germans essentially told the Austrians to stand firm, so which resulted in the Austrians sending Serbia a harsh ultimatum (this demanded things such as allowing Austrian officials to investigate and punish the assassinator). Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. (1934-1939; facsimile images) Trabajadores: The Spanish Civil War through the Eyes of Organised Labour; Digital access to over 13,000 pages of archival materials provided by the University of Warwick . Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. . judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. More than eleven feet high and more than twenty-five feet long, it is enormous and its vast scale meant that Picasso had to use a ladder in order to paint the upper sections. In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. Franco government. Arguably one of the most important battles of WWII. On March 5 the Republican government flew to exile in France. It called for the elimination of primarily Jews, but also non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. The plan's strategy was to first defeat France in the West while Russia was hopefully very slowly mobilizing its army in the East, then using Germany's good railroads, cross over to the East and defeat Russia. and Barcelona. estimates. Examine the role of communism and fascism in the Spanish Civil War, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War, The Holocaust Encyclopedia - Spanish Civil War, History Learning Site - The Spanish Civil War, Spanish Civil War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Spanish Civil War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. an influential Swiss Reformed Christian theologian. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. . General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Its earliest use was to describe individual political radicals unconnected with any party. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. Mussolini had been involved to some extent in Spanish affairs before the revolt, Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. The Triple Entente was formed because France, after forming the entente cordiale with Britain, wanted to reconcile its other ally, Russia, with Britain. First amphibious invasion ever. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. About 500,000 people died in the war, and all Spaniards were deeply scarred by the trauma. Please wait while we process your payment. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal the German air force before and during World War II. A war of attrition began. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. On September 2, 1945, the Japanese emperor formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay. This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. Internecine conflict compromised the Republican effort from the outset. the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Tehran, Iran. emperor of Japan during WWII. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. He supported the rebels against the the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. The Civil War took place because the rising was successful only in Old Castile, in Navarra, where Carlist support was decisive, and, of the larger towns, in Zaragoza, Sevilla, Crdoba, Valladolid, and Cdiz. Along with Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, he is a key figure in the development of the modernist novel. The The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. Germany and Japan signed this, promising a common front against communisim. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul use modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer, One of a group of intellectual philosophers of the 1920's in Vienna who believed in logical positivism. In Egypt, Allied (primarily Commonwealth) forces under a British Field Marshal Montgomery finally stopped the Germans under the command of Field Marshal Rommel. leadership. That it did not has to do with the behavior of the onlooker European nations. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. Lesson 5 - The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: . He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. until his death in 1975. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified polarization within the Spanish public. . AP European History: Post-War Europe {{cp.topicAssetIdToProgress[11397].percentComplete}}% complete He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco Franco's wing Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Example 1. Below is the article summary. Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". EXAMPLE: 5 days ago, members of my family joined in a lovly birthday celebration for my great-auntes. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease. Republican military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries who traveled to Spain, to fight for the democratic government in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of defending against Hungarian irredentism and preventing the Habsburg restoration, the 1938 annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime, a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. respected and very professional soldier. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. Review the vocabulary word listed below. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. This was created by Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a secret conference. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . Updates? We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. He led a failed military coup against the democratically elected republican government. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. On one side, the Nationalist, were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. They granted the right to vote to women. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. extreme right. As the bloody conflict escalated, the Republican one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. Spanish Civil War. German Chancellor and Fuhrer during World War II, his aggressive tactics were a major factor in the initiation of the second World War. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. Under the barrage of nationalist attack Barcelona fell, during He was also a pastor and one of the leading thinkers in the neo-orthodox movement. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% If a sentence contains an incorrect comma, draw a caret (^) over the comma, and write the correct punctuation above the caret. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. Tolls is such an international brigadier. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. Present were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. Peace was kept through the partition of the Ottoman Empire; Russians obtained Batum and Kars, won independence for the Serbs and Romanians, recognized Montenegro as an independent state, and divided Bulgaria into three zones still within the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary was to "occupy and administer" Bosnia, Britain received Cyprus (a large island), France was told they might expand from Algeria into Tunisia, Italy got cheated out of anything, and Germany got nothing. Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. Moltke divided the forces on the western to counter the Russian army, greatly weakening his army and forcing them to retreat. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. Spanish Civil War This war broke out in 1936, and made the new European alignment that found the Western democracies on one side and the fascist states on the other clearer. After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence Omissions? They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. government took power. The efficient Franco a soldier rather than a fascist, but in league with fascism none the less made steady progress. The ruling Republican government, led by the socialist premiers Francisco Largo Caballero and Juan Negrn (18941956) and the liberal president Manuel Azaa y Daz, was supported by workers and many in the educated middle class as well as militant anarchists and communists. Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. the killing of all the 11 million Jews of Europe, a process now known as the Holocaust. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Politically, the territories belonged to the Austrian Empire until 1918, from 1918 to 1938 to Czechoslovakia, from 1938 to 1945 to Germany, from 1945 until 1993 again to Czechoslovakia and since 1993 to the Czech Republic. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts and other defenses which France constructed along its borders with Germany and with Italy, in the light of experience from World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. Free trial is available to new customers only. Terms in this set (376) . Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. The A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. SparkNotes PLUS The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) was the bloodiest conflict western Europe had experienced since the end of WWI in 1918. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized countries and those which export raw materials. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. Purchasing The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. His and his wife. France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). While ground combat was somewhat reminiscent of World War Itanks had a comparatively limited role, and lines remained fixed for months at a timeHermann Grings Luftwaffe offered a glimpse of the role that air power would play in the German blitzkrieg. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. for a group? An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. his people viewed him as a god. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Falange in the Pre-Civil-War Years, 1933-1936 Early Fascist Movements a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. painting by Pablo Picasso, which he was already working on at the time of the Nazi German bombing of Gernika, Spain, by twenty-four bombers, on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, and which he decided to name after it. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. A union of Britain and its many current and former colonies. a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the II. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. difficulties. Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. AP Euro. bombing. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy. The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. Printer Friendly. The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. Corrections? This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. When Franco was proclaimed head of the Nationalist government on His German allies pursued their experiments. Despite its short life, the Popular Front government passed much important legislation, including the 40-hour week, paid holidays for the workers, collective bargaining on wage claims and the nationalisation of the arms industry. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". War. Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) .

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