What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration? Towards the end of the 19th century, Japan was copying the imperialism that it saw in other Western countries. Order to abolish swords A law prohibiting the former samurai class from carrying swords was enforced. Therefore, they resorted to make a complete enlightenment to every aspect of governance that existed. The whole of Japan became interested in Western culture and began actively adopting it. The Japanese emperors in that time knew well that for them to make it through the wars that were foreseen, they were to be well armed as the imperial superpowers. The development of industries during the Togukawa period resulted into the subsequent growth of many industries during the Meiji era. Yoshinobu mounted a brief civil war that ended with his surrender to imperial forces in June 1869. In addition, the Japanese went to an extent of winning a war against Russia a super powerful country. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. The first was Bunmei Kaika, or civilization and enlightenment. The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. More narrowly, was the character of Meiji institutions determined by the social composition of the anti-Tokugawa movement, or did it derive from a situation that took shape only after the Bakufu was overthrown? What followed was a procession of abrupt changes and internal battles that quickly changed the formerly isolated and peaceful Japan into an emerging power in Asia. which began in 1868 and lasted until 1912. The new emperor eliminated the government and reestablished the imperial throne, but the emperor did not have any political power and was seen as a political symbol. This led to the loss of many Buddhist artifacts of historical and cultural value. 2. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. 205 lessons. The basis for education was to make the citizens learned and also to counter the rapid changes that occurred in the modern world. She has a bachelor's degree in History, and a master's degree in International Relations. All feudal class privileges were abolished as well. Japan was beaten by Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. A strong national army and navy became a main priority. During this time the city Edo was named Tokyo and the capital city was transferred to Tokyo. This led to production and manufacturing of more sophisticated goods that fitted in the modern revolution. The change occurred in their dressing style which became more western in style. Examples of these companies are Toshiba, Noritake, Yamaha, Nippon Express, Hitachi, Shiseido and Nintendo. The Meiji Emperor represented a mixture of West and East. The Meiji governance was one organized group that had one main common goal of revolution. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This is to pose the problem of the relationship between day-to-day politics and long-term socioeconomic change. Lastly, there were those countries that acted in partnership with Japan in terms of trade. Second, outside pressure from foreigners convinced the Japanese that they needed to modernize quickly. The new government was very tactical. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. In some ways, the worship of Western civilization created a sense that Japanese traditional culture was inferior, consisting of old habits. Then, the leaders of the restoration really went to work. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. One of these major effects of the event was the fact that the previously feudal country was transformed into an empire that was entirely capable of competing with many of the greatest powers of the time. The aim was to restore imperial power under Mutsuhito, this was the decline of the Edo (Tokugawa) era 1603-1867 in Japanese history (the emperor Meiji). After this, the Japanese quickly sent "observers" to the West to understand its culture while copying much of the technology they had missed over the previous centuries: the steamboat, the railroad, guns, and artillery. The entrepreneurs in Japan became more enlightened and powerful. The first Diet was convened the following year, in 1890. To maintain the firm economic foundation, the Japanese had to form institutions that could be used to harness knowledge that would assist in continuity of knowledge gained during the Togukawas era. During the Meiji Period, which ended with the emperor's death in 1912, the country experienced significant social, political and economic change-including the abolition of the feudal system and. Tomioka Silk Mill (started operation in 1872) To promote modernization, the Meiji government also focused on the construction of Western-style factories. To provide some clarity as to how the Meiji Era occurred, one must know two things: one, the term Meiji is named after the Meiji Emperor, who lived from 1852 to 1912 C.E., and reigned over the modernization of Japan; and two, Japan had existed for hundreds of years in relative peace with little contact from the outside world thanks to the Tokugawa Shogunate, or the military leadership that had been in charge of Japan since the early 1600s. -Reforms in other fields were far reaching: education was made compulsory, all restrictions were lifted on Japanese going abroad, Christianity was permitted, vaccinations, postal service, telegraphs, and steamships were introduced, torture was abolished, European dress was prescribed for officials (with the Emperor Japan's success in modernization has created great interest in why and how it was able to adopt Western political, social, and economic institutions in so short a time. There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. Although Japan also had an emperor hanging around, the emperor had little to no power. What were three effects of the Meiji Restoration? Boxer Rebellion in China | Causes, Summary & Significance, Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan | History, Culture & Unification. The Emperor of Meiji and other high-ranking government officials also had their hair cut short. Meiji period was characterized by rapid change and modernization. The reforms enacted during the Meiji emperors rule brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country and paved the way for Japan to become a major international power. The Meiji Restoration turned the mostly agricultural Japanese feudalistic economy to a laissez-faire capitalist and industrialist society, which copied and ultimately matched many countries in the West. Economic Effects of Meiji Restoration. Among those were: The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. Japan watched China get pummeled and humiliated by the British for trying to prevent the Brits from selling opium. The latter concern had its origins in the efforts by Western powers to open Japan, beginning in the 1850s after more than two centuries of near isolation, and the fear that Japan could be subjected to the same imperialist pressures that they observed happening in nearby China. So all of a sudden, Japan had a highly educated population with more social mobility. Those uprisings were repressed only with great difficulty by the newly formed army. With the whole class, access the first image online and model analysis of: (1) changes and continuities of the Meiji era portrayed in the image and (2) what groups each change or continuity would have affected. It signed treaties with America, Russia, Canada and many countries in Europe. They enforced a lot of new rules for government, education, society, military, and economy. The Meiji Era that followed the Meiji Restoration in 1868 marked the formation of a new gender structure in Japan. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In addition, advancement in technology impacted the following areas; the military, political system and lastly the social aspect. After the Meiji Restoration, class restrictions vanished and allowed education to be open to all people. MeijiRestoration was a significant Japanese event that happened in 1868bringing with it political economic and social change to the peopleof Japan (Jansen 781). In addition, the military adopted more westernized weapons and guarding tactics. Consequently, western technology was greatly employed by domestic companies to produce highly sophisticated products. They were constantly exploited and denied any freedom. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Moreover, it is during this capital transformation that the emperor established for a more strengthened navy. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. This period had been a form of generation that was more enlightened compared to the former era. Japanese Imperialism: Territorial Acquisitions & Wars, The Westernization of Japan During the Meiji Era. This put an end to the policy of banning Christianity, which had been in place since the early Edo period. His downfall led to so many positive dramatic changes. Being a very clever lot, they embraced the issue of trade with other countries hence, they greatly improved. An error occurred trying to load this video. The Meiji Restoration used some Western ideas, like liberalism, but it infused them with ancient Japanese philosophy and culture, resulting in the blossoming of art, literature, and even technology. This issue eventually led to the creation of an opportunity for revolution in the labor force. The national army was created in 1871, and universal conscription meant that every Japanese man needed to serve in the military. Many learning institutions were built that mostly related to business management studies. Since the opening of Japan to the outside world, Japanese customs and practices have been reported from a curious perspective by foreigners who visited Japan. They comprised part of the military, teaching staff, makers of guns and government officials. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. Although there were emperors of Japan before the Meiji . An order was issued to cut off samurai-style hair. In 1868 the political uprising that ended the military government of the Tokugawa shogunate is known as Meiji Restoration. By the end, Japan had become a strong new nation with its own kokutai and aspirations to become a world imperial power. By the end of the Meiji Era, these situations were less common. The Meijis reign was a far-reaching era that was constituted majorly with change. A military dictator, or shogun, ruled over everyone. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. The development resulted into Japan becoming a powerful industrial country. These enterprises developed into great banking companies and improved commercial businesses. The government played a huge role in social change by creating new laws and a constitution. As the Japanese modernized and formed a national identity, the ideas of Bunmei Kaika (civilization and enlightenment) and Fukoku Kohei (enrich the country and protect the military) combined with the newly created Meiji Constitution to shape Japan into a strong, militaristic country. Learn when the Meiji Restoration began, its main goal, what caused it, and how it changed Japan. While a much more populated China had fallen into bloody civil wars and confrontations with the West, Japan's rise was markedly peaceful and successful, leading to further imperialistic expansion in the lead up to World War II. They adopted the school education system of Europe and the U.S. The Meiji era (, Meiji jidai, Japanese pronunciation: [me(d)i]) is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. Japans economic, political and social stability developed intensely during the Meijis era. This effort alternatively was reflected in the economy of the country. Document #6: Overall Effects Based on the quotes and your new knowledge, what were the overall effects of the Meiji Restoration on Japan? They saw that they needed to strengthen themselves to stand up to the Western powers - and with China humiliated, there was an opportunity to become the new big dog in Asia. The system spread nationwide in 1872. The result for these radical steps was the rise of a very powerful Asian country from a very humble beginning. There were some negatives effects of Meiji Restoration as Japan abolished many traditional things which would be loved by the people in the 21st century. This system had also reduced many of its samurai warlords to glorified office clerks, forced to reside in Tokyo with the feudal lords they served. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. It was the first time an Asian nation had beaten a Western power, and everybody took note. It is often described as the time when Japan took 'its first step to the modernization through reformation of the fundamental systems of the nation based on interactions with other countries'. However, the Western countries were still unwilling to accept Japan as a great power. Japan created an efficient rail system, improved communications technology, and started mechanizing industry. The Meiji Restoration was a coup dtat that resulted in the dissolution of Japans feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The collection includes accounts of daily life in Japan, material about missionary activities, and the writings of diplomats and long-term residents of Japan discussing the impact of Westerners on Japanese society, as well as the history of the foreign communities in Japan. What changes did the Meiji restoration bring about in japan? Japan first started out as an isolated nation, but soon it would become one of the most powerful countries during WWII. The restoration event itself consisted of a coup dtat in the ancient imperial capital of Kyto on January 3, 1868. Updates? Though the emperor was considered the highest position in feudal Japan, the shogun and their military establishment kept him from wielding any real power. This was in terms of business knowledge advancements. The shogun was a member of the Tokugawa clan, so this time was known as the Tokugawa shogunate. Among other accomplishments, during the Meiji period Japan adopted a constitution and a parliamentary system, instituted universal education, built railroads and installed telegraph lines, and established strong army and navy forces. It was a representation of a first half of the Japanese government or empire that consisted of a complete transition from the so called feudalism which was more of an isolation form of government as compared to the current modern government. This involved the formation of a completely new government that had new rules and regulations. The leaders of the restoration were mostly young samurai from feudal domains (hans) historically hostile to Tokugawa authority, notably Chsh, in far western Honshu, and Satsuma, in southern Kyushu. Looking for a flexible role? They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge.In the term, dai () means 'large', and my stands for myden ( . This led to a powerful military rise in the year 1905. Japan was able to walk a fine line between Western ideas and influences and traditional Japanese ideas to create a unique Japanese national identity. What were some effects of the Meiji Restoration? The Meiji Restoration (), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure. Japan was losing its feudal system, and the emperor would necessarily replace the shogunate; Foreign powers were technologically centuries ahead of Japan (with the shogunate to blame), something that astounded yet annoyed many Japanese; Japan abandoned its caste system while creating the identity of a. Some even thought that telegrams were delivered through the power lines in the form of letters; thus, they waited at the nearby transmission tower all day for telegrams to arrive, bringing their lunch, laying out a mat, and sitting there. In its place, a democratic social and political system was established based on constitutional law over the course of about 20 years, and it led to significant economic reforms and growth. The feudal system was decaying, and factions were growing. He graduated with a Masters in English from Mississippi College and has a JLPT N1 pass. Thanks to these changes, the streets became brighter at night and people could stay active until late. Those men were motivated by growing domestic problems and by the threat of foreign encroachment. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 This was commendable because it brought a lot of advancement not only in labor force but also in areas of research and creation of educational institutions. Members of the ruling samurai class had become concerned about the shogunates ability to protect the country as more Western countries attempted to open Japan after more than two hundred years of virtual isolation. Railroad In 1872, the railroad between Shimbashi and Yokohama was opened and steam locomotives began to operate. The population in the city of Tokyo was distributed evenly. This meant that Japan was controlled by the Genro a part of the Oligarchy. Evidence that shows that Japans military team was strengthened was the victory which was seen in two wars. Ginza Ginza was the center and symbol of the Bunmeikaika. Both the sources of these changes and the way in which they made Japan "modern" provide the material for one of human history's more dramatic stories. He demanded that Japan open itself up for international trade. The labor force in Japan was mainly unskilled and did not recognize the new technologies. Japan expanded into the Ryukyu Islands and invaded Taiwan in the 1870s, which a very weak China did not repel. Others mistakenly thought they could deliver parcels to distant places by telegraph and therefore hung parcels on the tower. These advancements could only apply to a country that has improved. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! This event had a domino effect on the whole of Japan, as various clan heads and prominent politicians, including Samurais, realized the urgency to modernize the country. This acted as prerequisite for the excellent learning methods that were employed during the Meijis period. The feudal system was swept away, along with its strict class system. This therefore contributed greatly to Japans revolution which was a transition from the feudal government. [] Therefore, the Meijis era opted to create a solution for the need at hand. The rule that existed in the Meijis period wanted a collaboration of views that would integrate both western ways to traditional values. Meiji Restoration, in Japanese history, the political revolution in 1868 that brought about the final demise of the Tokugawa shogunate (military government)thus ending the Edo (Tokugawa) period (16031867)and, at least nominally, returned control of the country to direct imperial rule under Mutsuhito (the emperor Meiji). Japan then expanded its operations into the First Sino-Japanese War, invading Korea and neighboring Chinese areas in the 1890s, which quickly developed into their invasion of Manchuria, where it would remain a Japanese possession for 50 years. During the Edo Period, mixed bathing in public baths was common. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Adopting the slogan Enrich the country, strengthen the army (Fukoku kyhei), they sought to create a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers. 'Restoration' sounds like you're going back, making things look how they used to look. Modernization of the education system was one of the main goals of the new Meiji government. According to document 1, Japan was isolated from 1635-1853.1853 to 1854.This was . Consequently, Japan expanded the trade to even powerful countries. One of the these was the virtually bloodless end of the aristocratic warrior class known as the samurai. to modernize. They wanted to wipe out the color ofBuddhism from Shinto shrines by prohibiting the practice of Shinto-Buddhist syncretism and making Shinto shrines places that connected the emperor and the people. Japan replaced its feudalistic government, led by the Tokugawa Shogunate, with representative government; they copied Western ideas, including those of the nation-state and technology, with amazing successes and unified into a cohesive, educated, and aggressively expanding country. In 1882, the first horse-drawn carriage railroad opened in Tokyo. Meiji is the name of a period in time in the Japanese history that started in 1868 with the Meiji Restoration and lasted until 1912. Universal education and industrialization helped build an educated populace with better transportation and communication technology. Japan made rapid strides to industrialize after the Meiji Restoration of 1868, boosting its transportation and communication networks and revolutionizing its light industry by the turn of the century. Their main slogan during the regime was Strengthen the military as a result of enriching the power. 645 Words. In a wider context, however, the Meiji Restoration of 1868 came to be identified with the subsequent era of major political, economic, and social changethe Meiji period (18681912)that brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country. Draw students' attention to clothing, architecture, utilities, transportation, and other details. Steamship Japans leading shipping company today, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha, wasfounded in 1885. A recognition that Japan needed western technology to prevent itself from being colonized. Meijis era had a nonfunctional parliament at its inception. While teaching materials in the early Meiji years were overwhelmingly translated from western sources, room was nonetheless made for the largely samurai staff to instruct their pupils in the traditional values they themselves had been brought up with. Also, Japan sent ad hoc ambassadors to the West, like Yukichi Fukuzawa, to analyze, write about, and ultimately mimic the Industrial Revolution powering the West. This change included major transition in the military, foreign relations, economy, social structure and internal politics. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Therefore, a revolution was started that was geared to more of advancement and revolution. The arrival of American warships in 1853 destabilized Japan's political system and launched a transformation that made Japan into a major world power in less than 25 years.
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