), and workers on ships in the Baltic and North seas. What is $589 now? New Jersey farm land prices, 1890 Juli 2022 Mar 4, 2023 07:31 Profile; Post History; . Free shipping. The inflation rate in 1890 was -1.09%. Click here to Learn How to use Coin Price Charts. Free shipping for many products! 168-178. How much are sand dollars worth? The current inflation rate compared to last year is now 6.41%. Also shows the average wage earned by people in the occupations. Goldach T what kind of oil does chicken express use. Year: 1890. A person working in Libya typically earns around 2,290 LYD per month. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,187.58%. If this number holds, $589 today will be equivalent in buying power to $626.76 next year. $59,900. A dollar today only buys 3.042% of what it could buy back then. These were not averages but lists of individuals along with how much each made as well as each individual's housing, fuel and clothing/dry goods expenses. This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $2,596,683 for most people. How much was $589 worth in different years? Appears in 13 books from 1890-1926. spent on a construction project or as the cost of a historic event is $ 191,049.83 today. From 1890-1999, the costliest tornado on the record, adjusted for inflation, is the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City tornado, with an adjusted $963 million dollars in damage (constant 1997 dollars). 14.26 postage. $926,000. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.43% per year between 1800 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of . 2023, https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1890?amount=589. Cyrano4747 Sep 25, 2006 were he wehre is my dbere ' back tooo tfr luv u p.s. Verffentlicht am 3. 33, p. 727 (. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. 1880-CC Morgan Silver Dollar - Choice Fine F+ details key from Carson City mint. Source: Investigation relative to wages and prices of commodities. - Last updated: June, 10 2022. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $440,863 for most people. Data. My child wants to learn so much more but it's like pulling teeth to get them to actually challenge him! Analyze historical currency charts or live New Taiwan Dollar / New Taiwan Dollar rates and get free rate alerts directly to your email. Shows the wages of a variety of industries and occupations. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. Im pretty sure it will eventually die, how much more backers fresh money will be wasted before it does die, is the sad question. Click on a category such as "Food" to toggle it on or off: For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1890. Use this calculator to find percentages. This means that 100 dollars in 1915 are equivalent to 2,308.83 dollars in 2021. The dollar had an average deflation rate of -1.09% per year since 1889, producing a cumulative price change of -1.09%.Purchasing power increased by 1.09% in 1890 compared to 1889. . PET . How to calculate inflation rate for $1 since 1890 Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1890 and today: CPI today CPI in 1890 1890 USD value = Today's value Then plug in historical CPI values. 1890 CC MORGAN SILVER DOLLAR COIN #8911 FREE SHIPPING RARE KEY DATE HIGH GRADE. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.12% per year between 1850 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of . Compare these values to the overall average of 2.66% per year: The graph below compares inflation in categories of goods over time. The Myanma kyat is much weaker on the black market. These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. Prices and Wages by Decade: 1890-1899 - University of Missouri Sellon, CJ, History of Galesburg, (1857). 28/06/2012 1 Euro = 0.79957 GBP () . University of Missouri, Columbia See data considerations for explanation. To see wages by country then occupation, select a tab above. 06/03/22. 07/29/22. The typical cost of a funeral in 1899 seems to have ranged from $60-80, and this presentation reviewed how much a funeral director might earn in a year, compared to his business expenses. 1890 Silver Dollar | Learn the Value of This Coin 2916. 1 Bath. US Dollar to Mexican Peso currency exchange rate. Laborers are shown at just over 15 cents per hour and $9.06 per week, so laborers are shown to make more than 3 times the wage of a soldier. 8, part 1, p. 106. Address 3536 Bee Caves Rd, #204, Austin, TX 78741. Manufacturing and mechanical occupations in 1891. Source: U.S. Dept of Labor Bulletin, Sep 1898, p. 668. The terms of the loans were frightening: $5,000 in principal, with payments due every couple weeks at annualized rates as high as 589%. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - sitebydesign.co.za There were errors processing your request: You did not specify the year range. 22, published May 1899. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - wilmontcondominiums.ca This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account. $28,000 Last Sold Price. Men's:
Advance a few pages to see the cost to. This means that today's prices are 32.88 times as high as average prices since 1890, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index. If you have a good quality 1890 silver dollar with no mint, then you can get at least $50. 8, part 1, p. 18-25. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - tootles.co.zw Wages are sorted by sex and age (, Data are provided in the "Wages" entry in the Encyclopedia Brittanica, 10th edition, vol. In 1890, wage-earning U.S. families spent an average of 41% of their income on food, 15% on rent, 15% on clothing, 9% on light,5% on fuel, and 22% on all other purposes. Nearby homes similar to 13986 Allen Rd have recently sold between $103K to $120K at an average of $70 per square foot. In 1938, 2.49M=$1 or 12.4M=1 means 6000M=$2409= 484. Now go to the inflation calculators section below, and see what $2409 (or 484) in 1938 would be worth today (the MeasuringWorth.com calculator is excellent--I think it might be more accurate to use the UK . Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads. . This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $100 investment is $518,662.37. how much was $589 dollars in 1890. how much was $589 dollars in 1890. $589 in 1915 is worth $16,258.84 in 2022. This coin is worth at least $1.00 in silver, based on its weight value. All twenty dollar bills from 1890 have a chance to be expensive and rare. Wages for occupations in specific American cities, mostly in the states of MA, GA, PA, NY, NC, SC, IL, OH, NJ. Price data at individual stores in U.S. cities, not averaged. Primarily, the $589 theory has 3 possibilities of occurring, according to the XRP . Mail order catalog lists clothing and other items, mostly for women and children. Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $159.38 and total percent change of 3,187.58%. Salaries vary drastically between different careers. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,187.58%. Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. The average annual inflation rate between these periods was 3.01%. Salaries range from 540 PAB (lowest average) to 9,460 PAB (highest average, actual maximum salary is higher). Was Andrew Carnegie A Hero Or A Villain | ipl.org See average weekly wages by occupation in the Colorado Bureau of Labor Statistics 7th Biennial report: See table at bottom of page, "Schedule of wages in leading occupations of female wage-earners in Colorado." What is 43 percent of 1,000? $5 in 1890 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $158.85 today, an increase of $153.85 over 132 years. As noted above, this yearly inflation rate compounds to produce an overall price difference of 3,187.58% over 133 years. Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $31.88 and total percent change of 3,187.58%. The inflation rate in Canada between 1915 and 2022 was 2,365.9%, which translates into a total increase of $2,365.9. . How Did Andrew Carnegie Contribute To The American Dream Detailed statements, including tuition and board, for each school can be found in the, The average price for a haircut was 25, a shave was 10 and a shampoo was 25 according to a barber manual published in 1898 (. 1898. worth of $ 945,003.15 . Lists wages for captains, seamen, first mates, second mates, engineers, chambermaids, deck hands, lookouts, watchmen, wheelmen, cooks, firemen, stewards, and boy helpers. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.50% per year between 1790 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,042.49% . LYD. 589 USD to EUR - US Dollars to Euros. . dollar, and by end of year 2005, the unofficial exchange rate was 1,075 kyat/U.S. Weidert, who grew up in Burlington in the 1950s and '60s and now lives elsewhere in Wisconsin, said he visits the city frequently and he wants to help people make educated decisions about the lake. Chart shows prices for farm animals. If your credit card number was how much money had. Use the. The second issue quickly became nearly worthlessbut it was redeemed by the new federal government in 1791 at 100 cents on the dollar. Click on a category such as "Food" to toggle it on or off: For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1890. HOTELS Now go to the inflation calculators section below, and see what $2409 (or 484) in 1938 would be worth today (the MeasuringWorth.com calculator is excellent--I think it might be more accurate to use the UK . More . = 1903-S XF+ MORGAN Dollar, Super EYE Appeal, FREE Shipping chicago modern home builders; mexico yemen relations; why are rainfall measurements expressed in terms of depth; dank memer level up rewards 2021; how to detect k2 sprayed on paper $531.67. $550,000. Shows hack and cab fare in Manhattan, New York City, 1898. If this number holds, $1 today will be equivalent in buying power to $1.06 next year. Cities shown are Danzig, Breslau, Stettin, Berlin, Magdeburg, Dresden, Hanover, Kiel, Aachen, Munich, Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, and Strassburg. worth of $ 105,123.76 , $ 149,052.63 or $ 179,079.74. Custom-tailored fine apparel, overcoats, ready-made suits, hunter's clothing, bicycle suits
804 Sand Dollar Trce, Saint Simons Island, GA 31522. MLS# T3356151. The biennial reports of the Minnesota State Board of Corrections and Charities include salaries of jailers by county for. Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. $2 in 1800 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $47.49 today, an increase of $45.49 over 223 years. Read more about inflation and investment. As noted above, this yearly inflation rate compounds to produce an overall price difference of 3,187.58% over 133 years. What is the value of a dollar now? 109-111, Shows the prevailing daily wages for various occupations in California in 1894, 1896, 1900, and 1902 (. Government Documents Department, Ellis Library $100. Source: Maryland Board of Public Works, 1902,pp. (Texarkana, Ark.) The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.51% per year between 1790 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,151.85%. Proof Sets 735. or Best Offer. This chart shows a calculation of buying power equivalence for $5 in 1890 (price index tracking began in 1635). Source: Rowell's & Ayer's American newspaper directories. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.13% per year between 1850 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,735.51%. Annual inflation over this period was 2.94%. Endorph Jul 22, 2009 The planet keeps spinning for billions of years Even for a moment Listen to me most people who gamble addictively dont actually care about the money. in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation. Value of $50 from 1800 to 2023. This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1890 and 2023. Shows the average daily wages of employees of Illinois railroad companies for 16 different railroad occupations in 1890. Conversion Rate (Buy/Sell) 1880-CC . More . C $12.99. See sections listing, Use Table of Contents to find start page. The compounding effect of inflation would account for 96.96% of returns ($826,798.91) during this period. Twenty Cents 9. . Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. For example, if you started with $100, you would need to end with $3,287.58 in order to "adjust" for inflation (sometimes refered to as "beating inflation"). how much was $589 dollars in 1890when do nhl playoff tickets go on sale avalanche. Catalogof surgical instruments, physician's supplies and hospital furnishings shows prices for "invalid rolling chairs" on pages 926-932. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - impactonoticia.news You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $4,409 for most people. The inflation rate in 1890 was -1.09%. The DEM conversion factor has 6 significant digits. The U.S. dollar has lost 97% its value since 1890 Updated: February 14, 2022 $100 in 1890 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $3,287.58 today, an increase of $3,187.58 over 133 years. Shows average prices of bread in England for each year from 1660-1899 on pages 27-35. . The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates. If this number holds, $100 today will be equivalent in buying power to $106.41 next year. Source: John Catto & Son. SOLD MAY 9, 2022. Source: Compares German wages to those for similar occupations in the U.S., Great Britain, Belgium and Paris. Source: Source: U.S. Dept of State, Money and prices in foreign countries, vol. Current Debates In Business Studies - academia.edu What was $589 worth in 1914? 1780-1937 farm wages in Vermont Lists wages for occupations such as blacksmiths, bricklayers, cabinet makers, carpenters, street laborers, machinists, house painters, stone cutters, teamsters, and more. Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.65% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of . Use this calculator to find percentages. This lake is in the New York/Vermont area. One of my friends opened a can and slit his dad's wrist with the lid when he turned around to put it in the sink to rinse it out. By calculating the value in 1890 dollars, the chart below shows how $5 is worth less over 133 years. Interest charges would pile up at such a blindingly fast . Listing by Homelister, (855) 400-8566. in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation. This means that 100 dollars in 1915 are equivalent to 2,465.9 dollars in 2022. Pages are arranged as two-page spreads. You may use the following MLA citation for this page: $1 in 1890 2023 | Inflation Calculator. Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 20 Feb. 2023, https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1890?amount=1. See: Vietnam War statistics In todays money how. Catalog prices for medicines, remedies, health supplies, hearing aids, etc. Newspaper advertisement tells prices for tooth extraction (25) silver fllings (75 and up), gold fillings ($1 and up), dentures ($5 to $8) and more. Pages 451-452 shows the prevailing daily wage rates for various occupations in the building industry as well as in paving and stone cutting. Fighting Games: Pouring one out for the original hype dog - The Scroll forward through the report remarks to view tables by county or see the. Includes breakouts by the occupational industry of wage earners, place of residence, family ancestral background, childrens ages and genders, and other categories. Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others. How much would 50000 French dollars in the year 1790 be worth in todays Canadian dollars? Source: Rates listed in a Rand McNally & Co. guidebook, pp. Shows the percentage of male and female employees who fell in various income categories. 3. Inflation data from 1634 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. The inflation rate in Canada between 1915 and 2021 was 2,208.83%, which translates into a total increase of $2,208.83. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - sbu-info.ch The Consumer Price Index calculates the cost of a variety of different items to determine how much inflation there has been. 33, p. 728 (, Data and discussion are provided in the "Wages" entry in the Encyclopedia Brittanica, 10th edition, vol. What is the Value of this 1890 Silver Dollar? The chart shows a carpenter in 1890 at a little over 32 cents per hour and $19.32 per week. This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $1 investment is $5,186.62. For example, if you started with $1, you would need to end with $32.88 in order to "adjust" for inflation (sometimes refered to as "beating inflation"). New Jersey architect William E. Lehman issued this book of home plans with images, floor plans, descriptions and cost to build. In extremely fine condition the value is around $45. The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates. What was $589 worth in 1915? 804 Sand Dollar Trce, Saint Simons Island, GA 31522. Queen Of The South Filming Locations New Orleans, Ricorso 702 Bis Riconoscimento Cittadinanza Fac Simile. To get the total inflation rate for the 133 years between 1890 and 2023, we use the following formula: Plugging in the values to this equation, we get: The average inflation rate of 2.66% has a compounding effect between 1890 and 2023. The current exchange rate is equivalent to 0.0174. 1,890 RUB to USD - Russian Rubles to Dollars. You did not specify correct initial amount. Enter the amount of the transaction: and the year it took place: You can enter any year between 1790 and 2020. dollar; data shown for 2005 and before are . Salaries vary drastically between different careers. These wages are collected exclusively in the Manhattan borough (, Pages 251-253 shows the rate of wages per day for various manufacturing industries in 1897 and 1900. Phone: 512 589 9009 _____ 17. Average Monthly Salary. This is the average monthly salary including housing, transport, and other benefits. Mintage: 677,000. Around .25 cents per gallon in 1956 dollars which is around $1.97 in todays money. The current exchange rate is . Use this calculator to see how the cost of living has changed. Click here to Learn How to use Coin Price Charts. Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in Hockey Valley coal mines. Compare these values to the overall average of 2.66% per year: The graph below compares inflation in categories of goods over time. Gold $5 Half Eagle 35 Turban Head Capped Bust Classic Head 4 Coronet Head 21 Indian Head 10. per cent over the half century, 1890-94-1940-44, while real earnings gained by 68 per cent over the same period. First, using the tables immediately below, convert the 1938 Marks to 1938 dollars. What is the value of a dollar now? Activismo Psicodlico how much was $589 dollars in 1890 . The U.S. CPI was 9.1 in the year 1890 and 299.17 in 2023: $1 in 1890 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $32.88 in 2023. Watches, jewelry, fountain pens, cameras, graphophones (AKA talking machines or record players), music records, optigraphs (AKA moving picture machines or film projectors), musical instruments, sheet music, books, stationery, art supplies. dollar to nearly 970 kyat/U.S. In the links below, the occupation title leads to statistical averages. You may use the following MLA citation for this page: $589 in 1890 2023 | Inflation Calculator. Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 4 Mar. See pages 83-200 in this. $7.99 shipping. In the North American Review, 1889, Carnegie wrote an article concerning wealth. On average, you would have to spend 1.09% less money in 1890 than in 1889 for the same item. Value. Shows the value of multiple currencies in US dollars in the years of. Annual Rate, the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI. Gold $20 Double Eagle 22 Coronet Head 19 Saint Gaudens 3. To get the total inflation rate for the 133 years between 1890 and 2023, we use the following formula: Plugging in the values to this equation, we get: The average inflation rate of 2.66% has a compounding effect between 1890 and 2023. 10005766220 USD = 181308496218.65 MXN. 87 sold. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.65% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of . Mint Mark: No mint mark. Value of $589 from 1890 to 2023 $589 in 1890 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $19,363.86 today, an increase of $18,774.86 over 133 years. ): USA Coin Book Estimated Value of 1890 Morgan Silver Dollar is Worth $33 in Average Condition and can be Worth $63 to $2,346 or more in Uncirculated (MS+) Mint Condition. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College. Tables show categories of earnings levels, and indicate how many men and how many women had income in those categories. It includes food, dry goods, clothing, furniture, kitchen utensils, hardware, leather goods, sporting goods, and more. The CPI shows how the cost of products has changed over time. How much is a dollar from the past worth today?. He spends day after day bored in his classes with little to no challenge. The average annual inflation rate between these periods was 3.04%. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Staff Paper #2. 1890-1899 national average earnings National average monthly earnings of hired farm labor, with or without board, at harvest or other seasons. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College. U.S. Dept of Agriculture report shows prices ofcarriages, buggies,wagons, trucks,cartsandsleighs or bob sledsfor 1860, 1880, 1890, 1895 and 1900. . Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1890 and today: Then plug in historical CPI values. To help put this inflation into perspective, if we had invested $589 in the S&P 500 index in 1890, our investment would be nominally worth approximately $100,452,422.29 in 2023. For comparison, in the UK 100.00 in 1890 would be equivalent to 16,440.36 in 2023, an absolute change of 16,340.36 and a cumulative change of 16,340.36%. ALIZF. $80 in 1850 2023 | Inflation Calculator The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,187.58%. Homes similar to 3235 Oak Orchard Rd are listed between $43K to $395K at an average of $80 per square foot. The coin is named after George T. Morgan, the Mint's Assistant Engraver, who designed both sides. $100 in 1890 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $3,287.58 today, an increase of $3,187.58 over 133 years. The U.S. CPI was 9.1 in the year 1890 and 299.17 in 2023: 299.17 9.1 $1 = $32.88 ALIZY. 1890 Silver Dollar Value: are "CC", "O", "S", No mint mark worth money? If this number holds, $5 today will be equivalent in buying power to $5.32 next year. Tables are also broken down by state in some sections. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category. Gold $3 1 Indian Princess Head 1. The theory in question is whether XRP will reach $589 in price before the end of the year or even $10,000 one day. Shows price range for theater tickets as well as hotel rates. 1890 Morgan Silver Dollar Value Chart (Uncirculated 1890 Cc Morgan Two pages of tables show market prices (in marks and pfennigs) on provisions including potatoes, butter, beef, pork, and flour at 14 German cities for 1899-1908. The Relative Worth of $ 590 in 1890 . This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category. 2 Beds. Today $ 590 from 1890 has a relative income. For more details on the S&P 500 between 1890 and 2023, see the stock market returns calculator. Source: U.S. Dept of Labor Bulletin, Sep 1898, p. 668. Job classes are listed in wage tables starting on. View historical and today's current inflation rates, using the CPI provided by the United States government. We use the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States government. how much was $589 dollars in 1890 - queensquaycondominiums.ca Value of a dollar. Daily Texarkana Democrat. (Texarkana, Ark.) 1890-1894, October 03, 1892 on pages 27-47. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1890 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,187.58%. Shows wage range by occupation, as well as rents. A residential line was $48/annually and a business line was $96. 33, p. 725-726 (, This table shows the average customary wages in various cities throughout Germany over a 10 year span. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, each of these USD amounts below is equal in terms of what it could buy at the time: This conversion table shows various other 1890 amounts in today's dollars, based on the 3,187.58% change in prices: Inflation can also vary widely by country. British report lists annual wages in pounds and shillings for domestic servants in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland, with breakouts by age and class of servant. This means that today's prices are 37.07 times higher than average prices since 1850, according to the Bureau . _____ 15. Who invented "White Out"? For comparison, in the UK 5.00 in 1890 would be equivalent to 822.02 in 2023, an absolute change of 817.02 and a cumulative change of 16,340.36%. Occupations include, Data and discussion are provided in the "Wages" entry in the Encyclopedia Brittanica, 10th edition, vol. Average dollar value per acre for farm land (along with any buildings on the land), broken out by U.S. region. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982 inAL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. Occupations include, Data and historical discussion are provided in the "Wages" entry in the Encyclopedia Brittanica, 10th edition, vol. This chart shows a calculation of buying power equivalence for $100 in 1890 (price index tracking began in 1635). Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College. Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads.
Drinking Warm Salt Water While Pregnant, Forest Service Handbook Uniform Policy, Articles H
Drinking Warm Salt Water While Pregnant, Forest Service Handbook Uniform Policy, Articles H